Compex-systems Advanced SerialRAID Adapters SA33-3285-02 Manuel d'utilisateur

Advanced SerialRAID AdaptersUser’s Guide andMaintenance InformationSA33-3285-02

Device Attributes ...270Device-Dependent Subroutines ...272Error Conditions ...274Special Files ..

Listing the Disks That Are in a Hot Spare PoolThis option shows you all the disk drives that are in a hot spare pool and shows thestatus of each disk

3. A list of hot spare pools is displayed:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All Supporte

ComponentThe array member disk drive of the hdisk that is listed on the screen, orhot spare disk drives that are assigned to the pool.LocationThe phys

Adding a New Hot Spare PoolThis option allows you to add a new hot spare pool. If you are not sure how toconfigure hot spare pools, read Chapter 5, “H

3. A list that shows Loop A or Loop B is displayed:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All

The Hot Spares Minimum field contains a default value of 1. This value defines theminimum number of spares that can exist in the pool before an error

Adding Disks to, or Removing Disks from, a Hot Spare PoolThis option allows you to exchange the disk drives that are in the hot spare pool, or toresyn

3. A list of hot spare pools is displayed:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All Supporte

4. The hot spare pool is displayed:SSA Hot Spare PoolsType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.[Entry Fields

Dealing with RAID Array ProblemsThis part of the chapter describes how to solve problems that might occur on your SSARAID arrays. You can get to the r

Related Information ...304IOCINFO (Device Information) tmssa Device Driver ioctl Operation ...305Purpose ...

Getting Access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssaraid andpress Enter.Otherwise:a

Identifying and Correcting or Removing Failed Disk DrivesWhen a disk drive fails, the array rejects it. If access to the array is still possible, theC

3. A list of rejected disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may

8. Select the adapter that contains the rejected disk drive.The following menu is displayed:Identify Rejected Array DisksType or select values in entr

13. Physically remove the failing disk drive for a new one (see the Operator Guide orService Guide for the unit).14. If you are going to install a rep

Installing a Replacement Disk Drive1. Physically install the replacement disk drive (see the Operator Guide or ServiceGuide for the unit).2. If the fa

5. The following information is displayed:Swap Members of an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired

Using Other Configuration FunctionsThis part of the chapter describes the maintenance procedures that are available foryour Advanced SerialRAID Adapte

Getting Access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssaraid andpress Enter.Otherwise:a

–“Identifying the Disk Drives in an SSA RAID Array” on page 119–“Identifying Hot Spare Disk Drives” on page 121–“Identifying Rejected Array Disk Drive

ssacand Command ...344Purpose ...344Syntax ...344Description...344F

Listing All Defined SSA RAID ArraysThis option lists all the arrays that are connected to the SSA adapter.1. For fast path, type smitty lsdssaraid and

Listing All Supported SSA RAID ArraysThis option lists all the types of array that are supported by the installed SSA RAIDmanagers.1. For fast path, t

Listing All SSA RAID Arrays That Are Connected to a RAID ManagerThis option lists all the SSA RAID disk drives that are connected to a particular RAID

3. A list of arrays is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may appear below.h

Listing the Status of All Defined SSA RAID ArraysThis option lists the status of each defined array.1. For fast path, type smitty lstssaraid and press

3. The following information is displayed for RAID-5 arrays:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional inst

The following information is displayed for RAID-1 and RAID-10 arrays:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additi

exposedOne member disk drive of a mirrored pair is missing or has failed, but nowrite operation has been issued to the pair.degradedOne member disk dr

Listing or Identifying SSA Physical Disk DrivesThis option allows you to list the disk drives that are being used by a particular array,and to identif

Listing the Disk Drives in an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to list the disk drives that are contained in a particular array.1. For fast path,

ssa_fw_status Command ...360Purpose ...360Syntax ...360Description...

3. A list of disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may appear be

Listing Hot Spare Disk DrivesThis option allows you to list the hot spare disk drives that are available to a particulararray.1. For fast path, type s

3. A list of hot spare disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may

Listing Rejected Array Disk DrivesThis option allows you to list disk drives that have been rejected (probably because offailure) from arrays.1. For f

3. A list of rejected disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may

Listing Array Candidate Disk DrivesThis option allows you to list disk drives that are available for adding to an array.1. For fast path, type smitty

3. A list of candidate disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may

Listing System Disk DrivesThis option allows you to list disk drives that are used by the using system. These diskdrives are not member disk drives of

3. A list of system disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructions may ap

Identifying the Disk Drives in an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to identify the disk drives that are contained in a particular array.1. For fas

Flags ...371Output ...371ssaxlate Command ...372Purpose ...372Synt

3. The following information is displayed:Identify Disks in an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desire

Identifying Hot Spare Disk DrivesThis option allows you to identify the hot spare disk drives that are available to aparticular SSA RAID manager.1. Fo

3. The following information is displayed:Identify Hot SparesType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.[Entry

Identifying Rejected Array Disk DrivesThis option allows you to identify disk drives that have been rejected (probably becauseof failure) from arrays.

3. The following information is displayed:Identify Rejected Array DisksType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired chan

Identifying Array Candidate Disk DrivesThis option allows you to identify disk drives that are available for adding to an array.1. For fast path, type

3. The following information is displayed:Identify Array Candidate DisksType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired cha

Identifying System Disk DrivesThis option allows you to identify disk drives that are used by the using system. Thesedisk drives are not member disk d

3. The following information is displayed:Identify System DisksType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.[Ent

Canceling all SSA Disk Drive IdentificationsThis option allows you to cancel all disk drive identifications.For fast path, type smitty ssa_identify_ca

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement...485Japanese Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) Statement ...485Korean Gove

Listing or Deleting Old RAID Arrays Recorded in an SSA RAID ManagerIf an array becomes disconnected from a RAID manager by some method other thanthe m

Listing Old RAID Arrays Recorded in an SSA RAID ManagerThis option allows you to list the serial numbers of disconnected arrays whose recordsremain in

5. If any old arrays are in the RAID manager, a list of those arrays appears:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion

Deleting an Old RAID Array Recorded in an SSA RAID ManagerThis option allows you to delete the records of RAID managers that have beendisconnected, bu

4. The following information is displayed:Delete an Old RAID Array Recorded in an SSA RAID ManagerType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AF

Changing or Showing the Attributes of an SSA RAID ArrayEach array type has several attributes associated with it. This option allows you to see,and po

4. A list of attributes is displayed:Change/Show Attributes of an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all des

Changing Member Disks in an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to remove a disk drive from an array and install a replacementdisk drive. All the dat

Removing a Disk Drive from an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to remove a disk drive from an array so that you can install areplacement disk driv

3. The following information is displayed:Remove a Disk from an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desir

xiv User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Adding a Disk Drive to an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to install a replacement disk drive into a RAID-5 array that isrunning in the Exposed o

3. The following information is displayed:Add a Disk to an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired ch

Swapping Members of an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to swap a disk drive for a replacement disk drive.1. For fast path, type smitty exssaraid

3. The following information is displayed:Swap Members of an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired

Changing or Showing the Use of an SSA Disk DriveThis option allows you to change, or see, how particular disk drives are used.1. For fast path, type s

3. A list of disk drives and their usage is displayed in a window:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID

4. Select the disk drive that you want to change or show.The following screen is displayed for the disk drive that you have chosen:Change/Show Use of

Changing the Use of Multiple SSA Physical Disks1. For fast path, type smitty chgssadisks and press Enter.Otherwise, select Change Use of Multiple SSA

4. Use the Select key to select the disk drives whose use you want to change. Selectonly those disk drives that are to have the same use. (For example

Chapter 7. Copying Data from Arrays and from Volume GroupsWhen disk drives are configured through the Logical Volume Manager for mirroring, youcan use

Safety NoticesFor a translation of the danger and caution notices contained in this book, see theSafety Information manual, SA23-2652.Definitions of S

synchronized to the array before you run the copy operation. The recommendedprocedure for copying logical volumes is to use the ssa_make_copy command,

Copying Data from an ArrayThree methods are available by which you can create a RAID-Copy array from aRAID-1 or RAID-10 array. Those methods are:v Usi

All the free disk drives that are listed are large enough and have the correct formatto become part of the RAID-Copy array for hdisk5.2. With a disk d

4. The time needed for the copy operation is related to the amount of data that youare copying. A large amount of data might take more that one hour t

8. The newly created RAID-Copy array is created as a free disk drive. You must nowmake it a system disk drive, and configured it on the using system:a

Using SMIT to Create a RAID-Copy Array from a RAID-1 or RAID-10 ArrayThis section describes how to use the SMIT menus to create RAID-copy arrays. This

3. Select the RAID-1 or RAID-10 array hdiskx that you want to copy, and press Enter.The Prepare a Copy menu is displayed:Prepare a CopyType or select

c. Press Enter. The new RAID-Copy array is created and coupled to the parentarray. The copy operation starts.5. The time needed for the copy operation

6. To uncouple the RAID-Copy Array:a. Select Array Copy Services from the SSA RAID Arrays menu.b. Select Uncouple a RAID Array Copy. A list is display

Using the ssa_make_copy Command to Create a RAID Copy from a RAID-1 orRAID-10 ArrayFigure 22 shows a volume group that contains one physical volume: h

xvi User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

The recreatevg command is run on the RAID-Copy array. It creates the new volumegroup, renames the file systems, and mounts them to new mount points (s

ssa_make_copy CommandPurposeTo create a RAID-Copy array from a RAID-1 or RAID-10 array.Syntaxssa_make_copy -v vgname -l lvname -f fsname[-V newvgname]

c. If the dump logical volume and the boot logical volume are copied, a warning isdisplayed. You must delete the copies of these logical volumes after

-F Determines the name of the copy file system. If this flag is not provided, thedefault naming convention applies. For example, the copy of the origi

Example 1: Copying a Complete Volume GroupIn this example, you are copying a complete volume group from the parent array to theRAID-Copy array.To copy

Example 2: Copying One Logical VolumeIn this example, you are copying only one logical volume (-lv B) from the parent array tothe RAID-Copy array.To c

Example 3: Copying One Logical Volume by Logical Volume Name or by FSNameIn this example, you are copying one logical volume (lv_A) from the parent ar

Figure 27 shows, from left to right:v The parent array that contains the source volume group.v The empty RAID-Copy array coupled to the parent array.v

Example 4: Copying One Logical Volume by Logical Volume Name or by FSName (2)In this example, you are copying one logical volume (lv_C) from the paren

Example 4: Copying a Complete Volume Group and Recreating the Copy onAnother Using SystemIn this example, you are copying a complete volume group, the

About This BookWho Should Use This BookThis book is for people who operate or service a RISC system that contains one ormore Advanced SerialRAID Adapt

Example 5: Running an Automatic Copy of a Volume Group1. Prepare a volume group for copying:a. Give the command:ssa_make_copy -P -v vgnameb. Wait for

ssa_delete_copy CommandPurposeTo delete a RAID-Copy array after it has been backed up.Syntaxssa_delete_copy -v vgname | -p pvname -A/-C [-f]Flags-A De

SMIT Menus for 3-Way Copy OperationsThis section describes the SMIT menus that are related to the 3-Way Copy function.These SMIT menus help you to dev

Array Copy ServicesFor fast path access to the Array Copy Services menu, type smitty ssa_copy and pressEnter. Otherwise, select Array Copy Services fr

Uncouple a RAID Array CopySelect this option if you want to uncouple a copy from an array. The copy mustbe in the Good state before it can be uncouple

Prepare a CopyFor fast path, type smitty copy_pre_array and press Enter.Otherwise, select Prepare a Copy from the Array Copy Services menu.The Prepare

Hot spare selectionDefault Assigns the coupled disk drives to the pool to which those disk driveswere previously assigned:PrimaryEach coupled disk dri

Uncouple a Volume Group, Logical Volumes, or Filesystems CopyFor fast path, type smitty copy_unvglvfs and press Enter.Otherwise, select Uncouple a Vol

If you select yes, the file systems are mounted when the copy is uncoupled. Ifyou select read only, the file systems are mounted for “read only” when

List All Copy CandidatesFor fast path, type smitty copy_lstcopycand and press Enter.Otherwise, select List All Copy Candidates from the Array Copy Ser

Web Support PagesWhen you are installing an SSA device or subsystem, upgrading your SSA subsystem,or doing preventive maintenance on your SSA subsyste

CopyingData is being copied to the coupled disk drives, but these coupleddisk drives do not yet contain an exact copy of the data that is on thearray.

List All Uncoupled CopiesFor fast path, type smitty copy_lstcopies and press Enter.Otherwise, select List All Uncoupled Copies from the Array Copy Ser

List All Uncoupled Volume GroupsFor fast path, type smitty copy_lstunvg and press Enter.Otherwise, select List All Uncoupled Volume Groups from the Ar

Delete a RAID Array CopyFor fast path, type smitty copy_delcopy and press Enter.Otherwise, select Delete a RAID Array Copy from the Array Copy Service

Delete a Volume Group, Logical Volumes, or Filesystems CopyFor fast path, type smitty copy_delvglvfs and press Enter.Otherwise, select Delete a Volume

The meanings of the fields are:Volume GroupThe volume group that you selected previously.Action The possible actions are:Delete and DetachThe volume g

Effects of Array Copy on Other SMIT MenusThis section shows SMIT menus that are described elsewhere in this book. When ArrayCopy is used, however, add

Percentage CopiedThe percentage of the array data that has been copied onto the coupled diskdrives. When this reaches 100%, the coupled disk drives co

List Status Of All Defined SSA RAID ArraysFor fast path, type smitty lstssaraid and press Enter.Otherwise, select List Status Of All Defined SSA RAID

Identify Disks in an SSA RAID ArrayFor fast path, type smitty issaraid and press Enter.Otherwise, select Identify Disks in an SSA RAID Array from the

Part 1. User Information1

Remove a Disk From an SSA RAID ArrayFor fast path, type smitty redssaraid and press Enter.Otherwise, select Remove a Disk From an SSA RAID Array from

Swap Members of an SSA RAID ArrayFor fast path, type smitty exssaraid and press Enter.Otherwise, select Swap Members of an SSA RAID Array from the Cha

192 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 8. Split-Site ManagementThis chapter describes how to configure and manage a system in which the computingand disk drive resources are split b

loss of any power domain in this configuration, a using system continues to detecteither all the primary configuration disk drives, or one primary and

spare disk drives are not introduced if the Split Array Resolution flag is set toSecondary (secondary disk drives only are being used), the HotSpareSp

Single-Host System with Primary Disk Drive MissingFigure 29 shows a single-host system that has just been switched on. The systemcontains a RAID-1 arr

Dual-Host System with Primary Disk Drive MissingFigure 30 shows a dual-host system that has just been switched on. The systemcontains a RAID-1 array w

Dual-Host System with Only One System Switched OnFigure 31 shows a dual-host system that has just been switched on. The systemcontains a RAID-1 array,

Split SystemsThe system can become split because communications have failed between the twosystems.System 1 Split from System 2: Figure 32 shows syste

2 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Normal Reconnection: When the systems are reconnected, the secondary diskdrives are resynchronized with the primary disk drives, as shown in Figure 33

Failure of a Primary Disk Drive in a Dual-Host System: Figure 34 shows adual-host system in which the primary disk drive of a RAID-1 array has failed.

RAID-1 Failure of a Host System and a Primary Disk Drive: Figure 35 showssystem 2 disconnected from system 1. The array is in the Offline state. If yo

Array is Offline because Adapter Is Not Known to the Remaining Half of theArrayWhen this condition exists, the host system generates SRN 48755.To main

Moving an Array between SystemsIn Figure 38, exactly half of a RAID-10 array is being moved from its originalconnections (adapter A and adapter B) to

v Change the state of the Split Array Resolution flag on the new adapters.Attention: This method helps you to recover the system from severe errors. U

RAID-10 Array SplitFigure 39 shows a RAID-10 array that has been split into halves.The Split Array Resolution flag has been set to Secondary to permit

RAID-10 Array with Unsynchronized DataFigure 40 shows a RAID–10 array whose halves have been reconnected.Each half of the array contains different dat

208 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 9. Using the SSA Spare ToolThe SSA Spare Tool helps you to manage your SSA networks when Logical VolumeManager (LVM) mirrored volume groups ar

Chapter 1. Introducing SSA and the Advanced SerialRAID AdaptersThis chapter describes:v Serial storage architecture (SSA).v The Advanced SerialRAID Ad

210 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 10. Using the Fast-Write Cache FeatureThis chapter describes how to configure the Fast-Write Cache feature, and how to dealwith any fast-write

those shown in this book. If you are not familiar with the selection of items from thegraphics versions of the menus, use the smitty command. The menu

Getting Access to the Fast-Write Menus1. For fast-path access to the Fast-Write SMIT menus, type smitty ssadlog and pressEnter.Otherwise:a. Type smitt

Enabling or Disabling Fast-Write for One Disk DriveThis option lets you enable or disable the fast-write function for one disk drive.1. For fast-path

device is present in the fast-write cache, and you want to disable the fast-writefunction, go to “Enabling or Disabling Fast-Write for Multiple Device

Notes:a. If you are running a two-way fast-write operation, and you enable or disable thefast-write function, the hdisk on the second using system bec

Bypassing the Cache in a One-Way Fast-Write NetworkIf you are using the two-way fast-write function (that is, two adapters have access to afast-write

Dealing with Fast-Write ProblemsThis section describes how to recover from problems that might occur during fast-writeoperations. The type of problems

v To disable the fast-write cache, type:ssaraid -l ssaX -H -n Y -a fastwrite=off -a force=yes -uwhere X is the number of the adapter that has reported

The Advanced SerialRAID Adapters (type 4–P)The Advanced SerialRAID Adapters (see Figure 1) are 40-MB-per-second SerialStorage Architecture (SSA), Peri

SRN 42524If a Fast-Write Cache Option Card fails, or is removed from the adapter, the affecteddevices are all those that contain unsynchronized data w

Chapter 11. SSA Error LogsThis chapter describes:v Error loggingv Error logging managementv Error log analysisv Good housekeepingEach topic is discuss

Detailed DescriptionSSA error logs are grouped into types of errors. Each type of error is assigned to anError Label and an Error ID. The Error Label

Table 2. Error Labels (continued)Error Label Error ID Error DescriptionSSA_DEVICE_ERROR FE9E9357 This error can be logged against the adapter or disk

Table 2. Error Labels (continued)Error Label Error ID Error DescriptionSSA_LINK_ERROR ABECECFD Link errors might be detected by any node in the SSA lo

Disk drive errors on SSA subsystems are logged against the physical disk drive (pdisk)rather than the logical disk drive (hdisk). If you are looking f

SCSI Sense Data Format: Errors that are logged with the following labels have SCSIsense data in the detail data field in the error log:DISK_ERR1 SSA_D

v Redundant power failures in SSA enclosuresThe test runs hourly at a specific time in the hour.run_ssa_link_speed cronSSA links can run at 20 MB per

Error Logging ManagementSummaryIf an error is permanent, it is reported each time that the health check is run. If an erroris intermittent, it is logg

The example also shows that, during any six hour period, no more than three errors ofthis type are sent to the error log. If other types of error occu

Note: In the SSA service aids, this adapter is called “IBM SSA 160 SerialRAID Adapter(14109100)”.The adapter card has four SSA connectors that are arr

If SD/6000 is installed on the system, it runs error log analysis whenever a hardwareerror is logged, and raises an incident if problems are found tha

error log analysis that is related to a period longer than 24 hours, use the ssa_elacommand (see “Command Line Error Log Analysis” on page 232).If the

Command Line Error Log AnalysisA command line utility has been provided that allows you to run SSA error log analysisfrom a manually-entered command o

Good HousekeepingThe items described here can help you ensure that your SSA subsystem workscorrectly.v When you are installing your SSA subsystem, ens

234 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 12. Using the SSA Command Line Interface for RAIDConfigurationsYou can use the ssaraid command from the command line instead of the from theSM

v List the objects that have support from a particular RAID manager:– List all the types of array objects.– List all the types of objects that can be

Command Syntaxssaraid -?ssaraid -M [-o] [-l RaidManager]ssaraid -l RaidManager [-n Name [-m|-p|-x|-e] | -t ObjectType [-r Name] [-c]]ssaraid -I -l Rai

OptionsYou can use the following options with the ssaraid command:Option Description-? Print a short usage message.-A Perform an action on an object.-

ExamplesFor the examples given here, assume that the following items of hardware are availablein the system:v A RAID Manager named ssa0v Four SSA phys

Lights of the Advanced SerialRAID AdaptersEach pair of connectors has a green light that indicates the operational status of itsrelated loop:Status of

Example 3: To Create a RAID-5 ArrayThis example shows how to use three SSA physical disks to create a RAID-5 array. Theattributes of the disks are all

Example 5: To Create a Hot Spare PoolThis example shows how to create a hot spare pool that contains an array member diskdrive and a hot spare disk dr

Example 7: To Change an Attribute of an ObjectThis example shows how to change an attribute of an object; for example, to changethe new array so that

Example 9: To Make a New System DiskThis example shows how use a single SSA disk to make a new system disk.Type the command:> ssaraid -H -l ssa0 -n

SSARAID Command AttributesWhen using the ssaraid command, you can specify the following types of attribute:v RAID array Creation and Change attributes

bypass_cache_if_oneway=true/false (default=false)With the attribute set to true:If the partner fast-write cache becomes not available, the fast-write

read_only_when_exposed=true/false (default=false)With the attribute set to false:If the array enters the Exposed state, and write operations are made

Creation and Change Attributes for RAID-1 and RAID-10 ArraysOnlyYou can specify the following attributes with the -a option when you are using thessar

Creation and Change Attribute for RAID-5 Arrays OnlyYou can specify the following attribute with the -a option when you are using thessaraid command w

force=yes/noIf an array is using a fast-write cache that is failing, you must specify thisattribute as yes to allow the fast-write cache to be disable

Chapter 2. Introducing SSA LoopsThis chapter describes the principles of SSA loops, how SSA devices are known to thesystem programs, and the rules tha

Other Change Attributes for Physical Disk DrivesYou can specify the following attributes with the -a option when you are using thessaraid command with

fw_max_length (default=128)This attribute sets the maximum size, in blocks, of write operations to thefast-write cache. Write operations that are larg

Couple Action Attributes (RAID-1 and RAID-10 Only)You can specify the following attributes with the -a option when you are using thessaraid command wi

Return CodesCode Description0 Successful.1 Some changes made, but finally not successful.2 General problem accessing the object data manager (ODM).3 S

254 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 13. Using the Programming InterfaceSSA Subsystem OverviewDevice DriversTwo types of device driver provide support for all SSA subsystems:v The

Interface between the SSA Adapter Device Driver and Head Device DriverTo communicate with the SSA adapter device driver, the SSA head device driver:1.

SSA Adapter Device DriverPurposeTo provide support for the SSA adapter.Syntax#include /usr/include/sys/ssa.h#include /usr/include/sys/devinfo.hDescrip

intr_priorityHolds the value of the interrupt priority that the SSA adapter device driver forthis adapter will use.daemonSpecifies whether to start th

You can use the open or the openx subroutine call to open the SSA adapter devicedriver. If you use the openx subroutine call, set the ext parameter to

Simple LoopFigure 2 shows a simple SSA loop. The devices that are attached to the SSA adaptercard 1 are connected through SSA links 2. These SSA l

Files/dev/ssa0, /dev/ssa1,..., /dev/ssanProvide an interface to allow SSA head device drivers to access SSA devicesor adapters.260 User’s Guide and Ma

IOCINFO (Device Information) SSA Adapter Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo return a structure that is defined in the /usr/include/sys/devinfo.h f

SSA_TRANSACTION SSA Adapter Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo send an SSA transaction to an SSA adapter.DescriptionThe SSA_TRANSACTION operation

TimeOutPeriodNumber of seconds after which the transaction is considered to have failed. Avalue of 0 indicates no time limit.Note: If an operation tak

SSA_GET_ENTRY_POINT SSA Adapter Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo allow another kernel extension, typically a SSA head device driver, to determin

SSA Adapter Device Driver Direct Call Entry PointPurposeTo allow another kernel extension to send transactions to the SSA adapter devicedriver. This f

ssadisk SSA Disk Device DriverPurposeTo provide support for Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) disk drives.Syntax#include <sys/devinfo.h>#include

Multiple AdaptersSome SSA subsystems (see “Rules for SSA Loops” on page 22) allow a disk drive to becontrolled by up to two adapters in a particular u

Fencing is provided as an alternative method for controlling access to disks thatare connected to multiple using systems.The PCI SSA Multi-Initiator/R

Using mkdev to Configure a Physical DiskTo use mkdev to configure an SSA physical disk, specify the following information:Parent ssarClass pdiskSubcla

Simple Loop — One Disk Drive MissingIf a disk drive fails, or is switched off, the loop is broken, and one of the data paths to aparticular disk drive

v Construct the 15-character unique identifier from the 12-character SSA UIDthat is shown on the label that is on the side of the disk drive. You canr

Attributes Common to SSA Logical and SSA Physical Disksadapter_aSpecifies either the name of one adapter that is connected to the device, ornone if no

max_coalesceThe maximum number of bytes that the SSA disk device driver attempts totransfer to or from an SSA logical disk in one operation.The defaul

secondary path, if one exists. You can prevent this switch by additionallyspecifying the SSADISK_NOSWITCH flag.This flag has support both for SSA logi

each side of the indicated physical so that the disk can be removed from theloop for service, and no errors are caused on the loops.This flag has supp

v An attempt was made to open an SSA physical device that has alreadybeen opened by another process.v The target device is reserved by another initiat

ENOMEMThe system does not have enough real memory or enough paging space tocomplete the operation.ENOLCKAn attempt was made to open a device in Servic

IOCINFO (Device Information) SSA Disk Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo return a structure that is defined in the /usr/include/sys/devinfo.h file

SSADISK_ISAL_CMD (ISAL Command) SSA Disk Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo provide a method of sending Independent Network Storage Access Languag

The SSADISK_ISAL_CMD ioctl uses the following fields of the ssadisk_ioctl_parmsstructure:dsb Contains the directive status byte that is returned for t

Advanced SerialRAID AdaptersUser’s Guide andMaintenance InformationSA33-3285-02

Simple Loop — Two Disk Drives MissingIf two or more disk drives are switched off, fail, or are removed from the loop, somedisk drives might become iso

Files/dev/pdisk0, /dev/pdisk1, ..., /dev/pdisknProvide an interface to allow SSA device drivers to access SSA physical diskdrives./dev/hdisk0, /dev/hd

SSADISK_ISALMgr_CMD (ISAL Manager Command) SSA Disk Device Driver ioctlOperationPurposeTo provide a method of sending Independent Network Storage Acce

u0.isal.status_descriptorSet by the caller to indicate the buffer for status data.u0.isal.minor_functionSet by the caller to one of the ISAL Manager C

SSADISK_SCSI_CMD (SCSI Command) SSA Disk Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo provide a method of sending Serial Storage Architecture - Small Comput

u0.scsi.cdb_lengthSet by the caller to indicate the length of the CDB.u0.scsi.scsi_statusContains the SCSI status that is returned for the command.The

SSADISK_LIST_PDISKS SSA Disk Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo provide a method of determining which SSA physical disk drives make up a SSAlogica

Return ValuesIf the command was successfully sent to the adapter card, this operation returns avalue of 0. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned, and t

SSA Disk Concurrent Mode of Operation InterfaceThe SSA subsystem provides support for the broadcast of one-byte message codesfrom one using system to

DD_CONC_TESTIssues a test disk command to verify that the SSA disk drive is still accessibleto this using system.The concurrent mode entry point retur

error field of the conc_cmd structure contains the return code that isnecessary for the completion of this command. The possible values aredefined in

One Loop with Two Adapters in One Using SystemIn Figure 5, the loop contains two SSA adapters 1 and 2 that are both in the sameusing system. In th

SSA Disk FencingSSA disk fencing is a facility that is provided in the SSA subsystem. It allows multipleusing systems to control access to a common se

SSADISK_FORCED_OPEN to the openx subroutine, the reservation is broken, but theopen fails with errno set to ENOCONNECT. To break through the fence, th

between the adapters fails. The tmssa device driver automatically switches to adaptersssa1 and ssa3 or adapters ssa1 and ssa4. The connections between

When configuration is complete, special files exist in the /dev directory. These filesallow you to use the target mode interface with each node that i

amount of data that is being sent. For example, to write 64 KB of data with no retryoperations, you need 64 KB read and write buffers. If you allow on

SSA tmssa Device DriverPurposeTo provide support for using-system to using-system communications through the SSAtarget-mode device driver.Syntax#inclu

The calling program must observe any other rules that are needed to maintain, orotherwise manage, the communication of data. Delays that occur when da

EINVALAttempted to run an open subroutine for a device instance, but either a wrongopen flag was used, or the device is not yet configured.EIO An I/O

any time, the device driver does not maintain an internal timer to interrupt theread. Therefore, if a time-out function is required, it must be starte

write subroutineSupport for the write entry point is provided only for the initiator-mode device driver. Thewrite entry point generates one write oper

One Loop with Two Adapters in Each of Two Using SystemsIf the loop contains four SSA adapters, with two adapters in each of two using systems,disk dri

timeout_value = ((transfer_length / 65536) + 1) * 20In the calculation, 20 is the default scaling factor that generates the time-out value. Thecaller

ioctl SubroutineThe following ioctl operations are provided by the target-mode device driver. Some arespecific to either the target-mode device or the

The POLLIN event is indicated by the device driver when any data is received for thistarget instance. A nonblocking read subroutine, if subsequently i

v A hardware error that has not been recoveredv A software error that has been detected by the device driverThe target-mode device driver passes error

tmssa Special FilePurposeTo provide access to the SSA tmssa device driver.DescriptionThe Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) target-mode device driver p

IOCINFO (Device Information) tmssa Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo return information about the device in a structure that is defined in the/us

Use TM_GetDevinfoNodeNum( ) to read the node number from which the data isreceived.The remainder of the structure is filled as follows:devtypeDD_TMSCS

TMIOSTAT (Status) tmssa Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo allow the caller to put the status information for the current or previous writeoperati

TMCHGIMPARM (Change Parameters) tmssa Device Driver ioctl OperationPurposeTo allow the caller to change the retry parameter and the time out parameter

Regardless of the value of the timeout_type field, if the new_timeout field is set to avalue of 0, the caller specifies “no time out” for the send com

If, however, disk drives are connected into the link between two SSA adapters that arein the same using system, those disk drives become isolated if b

310 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Part 2. Maintenance Information311

312 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 14. SSA Adapter InformationFor a description of the SSA adapter, port addresses, and the rules for SSA loops, seeChapter 1, “Introducing SSA a

The second entry instructs the run_ssa_healthcheck shell script to run once each hour.This shell script causes the SSA adapter to log any errors that

Diagnostic Information for Multiple Bus Systems manual). The microcode level is shownin the ROS level field. Alternatively, give the following command

Vital Product Data (VPD) for the SSA AdapterThe vital product data (VPD) for the SSA adapter can be displayed by using theusing-system service aids. T

Adapter Power-On Self-Tests (POSTs)Power-on self-tests (POSTs) are resident in the SSA adapter. These tests ensure thatthe adapter does not run the fu

318 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 15. Removal and Replacement ProceduresExchanging Disk Drives1. If you are removing a disk drive under concurrent maintenance (see the servicei

Two Loops with One AdapterIf only one SSA adapter is contained in the SSA loops, the adapter can provide supportfor up to 96 disk drives (a maximum of

SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All Supported SSA RAID ArraysList All SSA RAID Arrays

4. A prompt is displayed in a window:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All Supported SSA

7. Attention: You should be here only if you are working with a RAID-1, RAID-5, orRAID-10 array.For fast path, type smitty redssaraid and press Enter.

9. The following information is displayed:Remove a Disk from an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desir

17. On each using system to which this replacement disk drive is connected, you mustnow remove from the system configuration the reference to the pdis

23. If the disk drive that you are installing is a replacement for a disk drive that was amember of an SSA RAID array, go to step 24. Otherwise, go no

Changing Pdisk and Hdisk NumbersPdisk and hdisk numbers are assigned automatically when the using system isconfigured. To help in system administratio

Removing and Replacing an Advanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention: The adapter assembly contains parts that are electrostatic-discharge(ESD) sensitive. U

If you cannot do this procedure because, for example, the boot disks are on theSSA network, do the following:a. Run diagnostics to the SSA adapter tha

Removing an SDRAM Module of an Advanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention: The adapter assembly contains parts that are electrostatic-discharge(ESD) sensiti

Two Loops with Two AdaptersThe two adapters can provide support for up to 96 SSA disk drives (a maximum of 48per loop).Figure 9 shows an example confi

Installing an SDRAM Module of an Advanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention:v The adapter assembly contains parts that are electrostatic-discharge (ESD) sen

4. Refer to Figure 45.5. Carefully insert the SDRAM module into the connector.6. Press strongly on the module until it is fully home.7. Close the clip

Removing the Fast-Write Cache Option Card of an Advanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention:v The adapter assembly contains parts that are electrostatic-disc

5. Refer to Figure 47.6. Invert the adapter card, so that its components are upward.7. Carefully unplug the Fast-Write Cache Option card 2 from the

Installing the Fast-Write Cache Option Card of an Advanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention: The adapter card contains parts that are electrostatic-dischar

6. Refer to Figure 49.7. Install the mounting screw 1, and tighten it fully. (The screw is supplied with theFast-Write Cache Option Card.)8. Reinsta

Removing the Battery Assembly from the Fast-Write Cache Option Card of anAdvanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention:v The adapter assembly contains parts th

6. Refer to Figure 51.7. Invert the Fast-Write Cache Option card.8. Carefully unplug the battery assembly from the connector 1.1Figure 51. Disconnec

Installing a Battery Assembly into the Fast-Write Cache Option Card of anAdvanced SerialRAID AdapterAttention:v The adapter assembly contains parts th

4. Refer to Figure 53.5. Locate the battery assembly so that the two lugs 1 are under the edges of thesmall slots 2, and the clip 3 is over the

Large ConfigurationsUp to eight SSA adapters can be connected in a particular SSA loop, and up to 48 diskdrives can be included in that loop. Figure 1

Part Numbersv Advanced SerialRAID Adapter card without SDRAM module and without Fast-WriteCache Option card: 09L2090v 64 MB module: 09L2104v 128 MB mo

Chapter 16. Using the SSA Command Line UtilitiesThe commands that are described here allow you to get access from the command lineto some of the funct

-t This optional flag allows new levels of microcode to be tested. The enclosurereturns to the original level of microcode if the enclosure power is s

ssaadap CommandPurposeTo list the adapters to which a logical disk or physical disk is connected.Syntaxssaadap -l LogicalDiskNamessaadap -l PhysicalDi

ssacand CommandPurposeTo display the unused connection locations for an SSA adapter.Syntaxssacand -a AdapterName -P|-LDescriptionThe ssacand command l

ssa_certify CommandPurposev To certify the physical disk drive so that data can be read from, or written to, the diskdrive without problems.v To certi

reassign operations. You must not use this flag when the ssa_certifycommand is running concurrently on an active using system.-n MaxReadSizeSpecifies

ssaconn CommandPurposeTo display the SSA connection details for the physical disk.Syntaxssaconn -l PhysicalDiskName -a AdapterNameDescriptionThe ssaco

ssa_diag CommandPurposeTo run diagnostic tests to a specified device.Syntaxssa_diag -l pdiskXssa_diag -l ssaXDescriptionThe ssa_diag command is in /us

ssadisk CommandPurposeTo display the names of disk drives that are connected to an SSA adapter.Syntaxssadisk -a AdapterName -P|-LDescriptionThe ssadis

Switching Off Using SystemsBe careful if you want to switch off one or more using systems in a large configuration.If any disk subsystem in the config

ssadload CommandPurposeTo download microcode to SSA physical disk drives.Syntaxssadload -d PhysicalDiskName -f CodeFileName [-p]ssadload -u [-d Physic

Flags-d PhysicalDiskNameSpecifies the physical disk drive that is to receive the microcode.-f CodeFileNameSpecifies the microcode file to be downloade

v Using the -s and -a adapter flags:ssadload -s -a ssa0With these flags, the command lists the existing levels of microcode of all theavailable disk d

ssa_ela CommandPurposeTo look for the most significant error in the error log.Syntaxssa_elassa_ela -l Device [-h timeperiod]ssa_ela -l pdiskssa_ela -l

OutputIf an error occurs, the ssa_ela command sends an error message to stdout, such as:ssa0 SRN 42500If no error occurs, the command sends no message

ssaencl CommandPurposeTo allow the monitoring and changing of the status for SSA SES disk enclosures(subsystems).SyntaxTo display enclosure component

-t [threshold]Displays all the temperature thresholds, or only the specified temperaturethresholds. The valid values for the [threshold] parameter are

-S b[card ...]Resets the flag for the bypass card. Valid values for card are 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12,13, 16.-S p[PSU ...]Resets the flag for the selected PS

ssa_format CommandPurposeTo format the specified device.Syntaxssa_format -l pdiskorssa_format -l SSA_Adapter [-b]DescriptionThe ssa_format -l pdisk co

-b Specifies that the battery-age counter be reset. When this flag is used, thedata on the Fast-Write Cache Option Card is not set to zero.Important:

Configuring Devices on an SSA LoopIf an SSA loop contains three or more SSA adapters that are installed in two or moreusing systems, you must ensure t

ssa_fw_status CommandPurposeTo show the status of the fast-write cache.Syntaxssa_fw_status -a Adapter [-p|-l|-c]DescriptionThe ssa_fw_status command d

ssa_getdump CommandPurposeTo display SSA adapter dump locations, and to save the dump to a specified location.SyntaxFor the List version of the comman

FlagsThe ssa_getdump command uses several types of flag:v Required flags for both modesv Required flags for Copy modev Optional flags for List modev O

-a AdapterNameSpecifies the adapter name for which the program must search (for example,ssa1). The adapter must be known to the searching machine.-n A

ssaidentify CommandPurposeTo set or clear Identify mode for a physical disk.Syntaxssaidentify -l PhysicalDiskName -yssaidentify -l PhysicalDiskName -n

ssa_progress CommandPurposeTo show how much (by percentage) of a format operation has been completed, and toshow the status of the format operation. T

ssa_rescheck CommandPurposeTo report the reservation status of an hdisk.Syntaxssa_rescheck -l hdisk [-h]DescriptionThe ssa_rescheck command tests the

ExamplesThe following examples show typical output from the rescheck command. The AdapterIn Use field shows which adapter path the using system is usi

ssa_servicemode CommandPurposeTo put the disk drive into Service Mode (set Service Mode), or to remove the disk drivefrom Service Mode (reset Service

ssa_speed CommandPurposeTo determine the operating speed of SSA links.Syntaxssa_speed -l pdisk [-s]ssa_speed -a AdapterName {-p Loop | -n Network} [-s

Identifying and Addressing SSA DevicesThis section describes how SSA adapters and devices are known to the using systemprograms.Location Code FormatLo

OutputThe ssa_speed command sends all error messages to stderr, and output to stdout.Link speeds can be:v 20 (20 MB)v 40 (40 MB)v 00 (not operational)

ssavfynn CommandPurposeTo check for duplicated node numbers.Note: It is recommended that this command be used only when all the adapters on thenetwork

ssaxlate CommandPurposeTo translate between logical disks (hdisks) and physical disks (pdisks).Syntaxssaxlate -l LogicalDiskNamessaxlate -l PhysicalDi

Chapter 17. SSA Service AidsNote: For some problems, you can use the SSA command line utilities instead of theSSA service aids. For information about

Note: The service aids refer to the Advanced SerialRAID Adapter as IBM SSA 160SerialRAID Adapter (14109100). On some service screens, this name isshor

The Identify FunctionThe Identify function can be accessed from many of the service aid menus.This function enables you to determine the location of a

Starting the SSA Service AidsTo start the SSA service aids:1. Start the using-system diagnostics (see the Diagnostic Information for Multiple BusSyste

5. Select the service aid that you require, then go to the relevant instructions in thischapter:“Set Service Mode Service Aid” on page 378“Link Verifi

Set Service Mode Service AidThe Set Service Mode service aid enables you to determine the location of a particulardisk drive, and to remove that disk

To use the Set Service Mode service aid:1. Select Set Service Mode from the SSA Service Aids menu (see “Starting the SSAService Aids” on page 376). A

Third Edition (September 2000)This softcopy of 14 January 2002 is a minor revision to SA33-3285-02. It contains new technical changes that are notshow

The configuration software first recognizes the disk drive by its machine-readable serialnumber. The serial number of the disk drive is also displayed

2. Select the pdisk that you want to identify or put into Service Mode (for example,pdisk3). The following display appears with details of the disk dr

3. Select Service Mode or the Identify function. (For this example, assume that youhave selected Service Mode.) The list of pdisks is displayed again,

4. Select a second disk drive if required (for example, pdisk5). The following displayappears again:SET SERVICE MODE 802382systemname:pdisk5 AC7C6E51

Link Verification Service AidThe Link Verification service aid helps you determine:v Which devices are connected to the SSA loopv Where an SSA loop ha

3. When you have selected an adapter, a list is displayed that shows all the devicesthat are connected to the adapter:LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA Link

v The Adapter Port column shows the address of each adapter port to which aparticular device is connected. The device is connected to two ports except

Notes:a. In the lists of physical disk drives (pdisks) that are displayed by the service aids,you might see:????? These question marks show where an S

Configuration Verification Service AidThe Configuration Verification service aid enables you to determine the relationshipbetween SSA logical units (h

2. Select the hdisk or pdisk that you want to verify.3. If you select an hdisk, a list of pdisks is displayed:CONFIGURATION VERIFICATION 802391systemn

Format Disk Service AidThe Format Disk service aid formats SSA disk drives.Attention: Formatting a disk drive destroys all the data on that disk drive

SSA Unique IDsEach SSA device has a specific identifier that is not used by any other SSA device inthe whole world. This identifier is called the IEEE

2. Select the pdisk that you want to format. The following instructions are displayed:FORMAT DISK 802396systemname:pdisk2 AC1DBE11 4GB SSA C Physical

Certify Disk Service AidThe Certify service aid verifies that all the data on a disk drive can be read correctly.Other maintenance procedures tell you

2. Select the pdisk that you want to certify. The following instructions are displayed:CERTIFY DISK 802405systemname:pdisk0 AC706E9A 4GB SSA C Physica

Display/Download Disk Drive Microcode Service AidThe Display/Download Disk Drive Microcode service aid allows you to:v Display the level of microcode

To use the Display/Download Disk Drive Microcode service aid:1. Select Display/Download Disk Drive Microcode from the SSA Service Aids menu(see “Start

3. Attention: For several seconds during microcode download, new data is written tothe disk drive EEPROM. If the power fails while that data is being

Link Speed Service AidThe Link Speed service aid allows you to display the operating speed of each link onan SSA adapter.To use the Link Speed service

2. Select the adapter that you want to inspect. A list of link speeds is displayed, asshown in this example screen:LINK SPEED 802438SSA Link Speed for

The Source field represents the link end that is closest to the A1 or B1 port.The Destination field represents the link end that is closest to the A2

This screen shows the same configuration, but here the link is broken betweenpdisk1 and pdisk2.LINK SPEED 802438SSA Link Speed for:systemname:ssa0 00-

Rules for SSA LoopsFor SSA loops that include an Advanced SerialRAID Adapter (type 4–P), the followingrules apply:v Each SSA loop must be connected to

Service Aid Service Request Numbers (SRNs)If the SSA service aids detect an unrecoverable error, and are unable to continue, oneof the following servi

Example 1. Normal LoopsIn Figure 56, disk drives 1 through 8 are connected to connectors A1 and A2 of theSSA adapter 1. Disk drives 9 through 12 are

For this example, the Link Verification service aid displays the following information:LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA Link Verification for:systemname:ss

Example 2. Broken Loop (Cable Removed)Each disk drive normally communicates with the adapter through one data path.Because data can pass round the loo

Using systemDisk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk6Disk7Disk8Disk16Disk15Disk14Disk13Disk12Disk11Disk10Disk9Using systemA1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2Figure 57. Broke

For this example, the Link Verification service aid displays the following information:LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA Link Verification for:systemname:ss

Example 3. Broken Loop (Disk Drive Removed)In Figure 58 on page 407, disk drives 1 through 8 are connected to connectors A1 andA2 of the SSA adapter 

Using systemDisk1Disk2Disk3Disk4Disk5Disk6Disk7Disk8Disk16Disk15Disk14Disk13Disk12Disk11Disk10Disk9Using systemA1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2Figure 58. Broke

For this example, the Link Verification service aid displays the following information:LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA Link Verification for:systemname:ss

Finding the Physical Location of a DeviceThe physical location of a device (for example, a disk drive or an SSA adapter) cannotbe reported directly by

Checking the Level of the Adapter MicrocodeIf you need to check the level of the adapter microcode:1. Type, on the command line:lscfg -vl ssanwhere ss

410 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 18. SSA Problem Determination ProceduresSSA problem determination procedures are provided by power-on self-tests (POSTs),service request numbe

2. Read carefully the “Action” you must do for the problem. Do not exchange FRUsunless you are instructed to do so.3. Normally exchange only one FRU a

SRN Problem Possible Causes1xxxx Description: SRNs in this range are not adapter SRNs.Action: For SRNs in this range, see the documentation for your S

SRN Problem Possible Causes2A004 Description: Async code 04 has been received. Probably, a software errorhas occurred.Action: Go to “Software and Micr

SRN Problem Possible Causes34000 Description: The adapter cannot initialize a device. This problem might bebadly affecting the SSA loop. If the device

SRN Problem Possible Causes40128 Description: A 128 MB SDRAM in the adapter card module has failed.Action: Exchange the FRUs for new FRUs.Possible FRU

SRN Problem Possible Causes42510 Description: Not enough SDRAM available to run the fast-write cacheoperation.Action:1. Start the using-system service

SRN Problem Possible Causes42521 Description: A Fast-Write Cache Option Card has failed. Data has beenwritten to the cache card, and cannot now be rec

SRN Problem Possible Causes42524 Description: A fast-write disk drive (or drives) contains unsynchronizeddata, but the Fast-Write Cache Option Card ca

Rules for the Physical Relationship between Disk Drives and AdaptersThe physical relationship between the disk drives and the adapters in an SSA loop

SRN Problem Possible Causes42525 Description: A fast-write logical disk contains unsynchronized data, but theFast-Write Option Card does not contain t

SRN Problem Possible Causes42528 Description: A fast-write disk drive has been detected that was previouslyunsynchronized, but has since been configur

SRN Problem Possible Causes4252C Description: The Fast-Write Cache Option Card battery needs to beexchanged for a new one.Action: Exchange the FRU for

SRN Problem Possible Causes43PAA Description: An SSA device on the link is preventing the completion of theloop configuration.Action: If the SSA servi

SRN Problem Possible Causes46500 Description: A member disk drive is missing from an array, or the originalSSA adapter is not available. The array is

SRN Problem Possible Causes48600 Description: All the member disk drives of an array are not on the sameSSA loop. The array is in the Exposed state, a

SRN Problem Possible Causes48750 Description: An array is in the Offline state because the primary or thesecondary half of the array is not present.Ac

SRN Problem Possible Causes48760 Description: An array is in the Offline state because the split/joinprocedure was not performed correctly. The data o

SRN Problem Possible Causes48950 Description: A disk drive has caused an array building operation to fail.Action:1. Type smitty ssaraid and press Ente

SRN Problem Possible Causes49000 Description: An array is in the Degraded state. A disk drive might not beavailable for one of the following reasons:v

Pairs of Adapter Connectors in the Loop – Some Shared DataThe following sequence enables you to determine the best relationship between thedisk drives

SRN Problem Possible Causes49500 Description: No hot spare disk drives are available for an array that isconfigured for hot spare disk drives.Action:

SRN Problem Possible Causes49510 Description: Hot-spare configuration is not synchronized. This problemhas occurred because the cabling has changed or

SRN Problem Possible Causes49520 Description: Hot-spare tuning has been lost.Action:1. Type smitty ssaraid and press Enter.2. Select List Status of Ho

SRN Problem Possible Causes49530 Description: The number of disk drives that remain in a hot-spare pool isless than the specified number.Action:1. Typ

SRN Problem Possible Causes49950 Description: An array copy disk drive is missing. The array copy isdegraded. If the missing disk drive is restored to

SRN Problem Possible Causes50002 Description: An SSA adapter DMA error has occurred.Action: Exchange the FRU for a new FRU.Possible FRUs:SSA adapter c

SRN Problem Possible Causes50200 Description: A duplicate node number has been detected. This problem isa user error.Action: See “SSA Disk Concurrent

SRN Problem Possible Causes504XX Description: The SSA adapter microcode has hung.Action: Run diagnostics in System Verification mode to the SSA adapte

SRN Problem Possible CausesD4000 Description: The diagnostics cannot configure the SSA adapter.Action: Exchange the FRU for a new FRU.Possible FRUs:SS

SRN Problem Possible CausesDFFFF Note: The description and action for this SRN are valid only if you haverun diagnostics to the SSA attachment. If thi

Pairs Of Adapter Connectors in the Loop – Mainly Shared DataThe following sequence enables you to determine the best relationship between thedisk driv

SRN Problem Possible CausesSSA03 Description: The service aid was unable to open an hdisk. This problemmight have occurred because a disk drive has fa

Software and Microcode ErrorsSome SRNs indicate that a problem might have been caused by a software error or bya microcode error. If you have one of t

2. Review the configuration that you are trying to make, and determine why thatconfiguration is not valid.3. Correct your configuration by reconfiguri

SSA Maintenance Analysis Procedures (MAPs)The maintenance analysis procedures (MAPs) describe how to analyze a failure thathas occurred in an SSA loop

MAP 2010: STARTThis MAP is the entry point to the MAPs for the adapter. If you are not familiar withthese MAPs, read “How to Use the MAPs” on page 443

MAP 2320: SSA LinkThis MAP helps you to isolate FRUs that are causing an SSA loop problem between adevice and the SSA adapter, or between two devices.

If the service aid cannot detect any pdisks, a message is displayed:LINK VERIFICATION 802385Move cursor onto selection, then press <Enter>.nunu:

LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA Link Verification for:nunu:ssa0 00-04 IBM SSA 160 SerialRAID Adapter (To Set or Reset Identify, move cursor onto selection

5. (from step 4)Observe the Status column on the screen. If the status of any pdisk is ‘Failed’, thatpdisk is failing. In the example shown here, pdis

6. (from step 5)Observe the list of pdisks the screen. A row of question marks (?????) shows that alink in one of the loops is broken. If two rows of

Reserving Disk DrivesThe Advanced SerialRAID Adapter, the Micro Channel SSA Multi-Initiator/RAID ELAdapter, and the PCI SSA Multi-Initiator/RAID EL Ad

MAP 2323: SSA Intermittent Link ErrorThis MAP helps you to isolate FRUs that are causing an intermittent SSA link problem.You are here because you hav

a. Observe the SRN that sent you to this MAP. The last three characters are in theformat PAA, where P is the number of the SSA adapter port, and AA is

Example 1If the SRN is 24002, the device is connected to adapter port 0 (shown as A1 onthe screen), and has an SSA address of 02 (shown as 2 on the sc

Example 2If the SRN is 24104, the device (in theory) is connected to adapter port 1(shown as A2 on the screen). The device, however, has an SSA addres

MAP 2324: SSA RAIDThis MAP helps you to solve problems that have occurred in SSA RAID arrays.Attention: Unless the using system needs to be switched o

3. (from step 2)Do you have any other SRN?NO Go to step 22 on page 467.YESa. Solve the problems that caused the SRN.b. Return to step 1 on page 454.4.

6. (from step 5)Either one or more disk drives have failed, or an array that is not complete hasbeen connected to the SSA adapter.v If one or more dis

7. (from step 6)The array data cannot be recovered. The following steps clear the error conditionand change the disk drives to a usable state.a. Type

9. (from step 4)Attention: Part of the data that is on the array has been damaged and cannot berecovered. Before any other action is taken, the user m

10. (from step 9)a. Type smitty ssaraid and press Enter.b. Select List/Identify SSA Physical Disks.c. Select List Disks in an SSA RAID Array.d. Select

28 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

12. (from step 11)Did the Certify service aid fail again?NOa. Ask the user to recreate the array.b. Go to step 22 on page 467.YESa. Exchange the faili

14. (from step 13)Are any disk drives listed as “SSA physical disks that are rejected”?NO A disk drive has not been detected by the adapter. Go to ste

When the rebuilding operation is complete, ask the user to rundiagnostics in System Verification mode to the SSA adapters, toensure that the rebuildin

17. (from step 4)A RAID-5 array is in the Exposed state when one member disk drive of the array isnot available to the array. A RAID-1 or RAID-10 arra

18. (from step 17)Are any disk drives listed as “SSA physical disks that are rejected”?NO A disk drive has not been detected by the adapter. Go to ste

When the rebuilding operation is complete, ask the user to rundiagnostics in System Verification mode to the SSA adapters, toensure that the rebuildin

21. (from step 1)No spare disk drives are available for an array that is configured for hot spare diskdrives.a. If the subsystem contains disk drives

22. (from step 7 in MAP 2410: SSA Repair Verification, and from steps 3, 11, and 12in this MAP)RAID CheckoutYou are now starting the RAID checkout pro

c. If problems occur on any disk drive, exchange that disk drive for anew disk drive (see “Exchanging Disk Drives” on page 319), thencontinue from ste

d. Select the pdisk from the list, and change the Current Use parameterto Array Candidate Disk.e. Select Change Member Disks in an SSA RAID Array.f. S

Chapter 3. RAID Functions and Array StatesThis chapter describes the RAID functions and the states of RAID arrays.RAID FunctionsRedundant Array of Ind

27. (from step 22)Is any disk drive failing?NO A disk drive that is listed as rejected is not necessarily failing. Forexample, the array might have re

30. (from step 29)Do any RAID-5 arrays have Unsynced Parity Strips or Unbuilt Data Strips?NO Go to step 31.YES The rebuilding operation is running or

33. (from step 32)Was SRN 49100 logged, but no error found, when diagnostics were run inSystem Verification mode?NO Go to step 34.YES An array was in

36. (from step 35)You have solved all the problems.a. Run the repair verification or repair completion procedures that are defined byyour using system

v Array Candidate Disk if the use of hot spares is disabledfor the arrays on the subsysteme. Go to step 38.38. (from step 37)You have changed the use

MAP 2410: SSA Repair VerificationThis MAP helps you to verify that FRUs that you have exchanged for new FRUs, orrepair actions that you have done, hav

Notes:1) Do not run Advanced Diagnostics; otherwise, errors might belogged on other using systems that share the same loop.2) If you have just exchang

7. (from steps 3 in MAP 2010: START and from steps 5 and 4 in this MAP)Does your subsystem contain RAID arrays?If you are not sure whether your subsys

SSA Link ErrorsSSA link errors can be caused if:v Power is removed from an SSA device.v An SSA device is failing.v An SSA device is removed.v A cable

Example 1In Figure 59, the link is between two disk drives that are in the same subsystem. It hasthree parts.Example 2In Figure 60, the link is betwee

ContentsSafety Notices...xvDefinitions of Safety Notices ...xvSafety Notice for Installing, Relocating, or Servic

transfer operations, performance is better than that provided by RAID-1 because datais striped across member disk drives. For short data transfer oper

Example 3In Figure 61, the link is between two disk drives that are not in the same subsystem. Ithas seven parts.Example 4Figure 62, the link is betwe

Link Status (Ready) LightsIf a fault occurs that prevents the operation of a particular link, the link status lights ofthe various parts of the comple

Service AidIf service aids are available, you can use the Link Verification service aid to show thatthe SSA loop is broken.LINK VERIFICATION 802386SSA

Part 3. Appendixes483

484 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Appendix. Communications StatementsThe following statements apply to this product. The statements for other productsintended for use with this product

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) StatementThis product has been designed and built to comply with (IEC) Standard 950.Avis de conformité

festgelegt), dann kann es dabei eventuell gestört werden. In solch einem Fall ist derAbstand bzw. die Abschirmung zu der industriellen Störquelle zu v

488 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

GlossaryThis glossary explains terms and abbreviationsthat are used in the manual. The glossarycontains terms and definitions from the IBMDictionary o

RAID-0 Array StatesA RAID-0 array can be in either of two states. A knowledge of those states is usefulwhen you are configuring your arrays. The state

Exposed state. The state that a RAID arrayenters if a member disk drive becomes missing(logically or physically) from that array.FFailed status. The d

microcode. One or more microinstructions usedin a product as an alternative to hard-wiredcircuitry to implement functions of a processor orother syste

service request number. A number that helpsyou to identify the cause of a problem, the failingfield-replaceable units (FRUs), and the serviceactions t

IndexNumerics128 MB Memory Module feature 53-way copyarray copy services 173Delete a RAID Array Copy option 183Delete a Volume Group, Logical Volumes,

array copy services (continued)Prepare a Copy option 175Uncouple a Volume Group, Logical Volumes, or FileSystems Copy option 177array states, RAID-0 3

attributes (continued)ODM, PCI (continued)bus_mem_start2 257bus_mem_start3 257bus_mem_start4 257daemon 258dma_mem 258host_address 258intr_priority 257

choosing the error threshold (alarm) level for a hot sparepool 51chssaraid command 135close subroutinetmssa device driver 297command line error log an

configuring and installing SSA RAID arrays (continued)adding a new hot spare pool 83adding an SSA RAID array 60adding disks to a hot spare pool 86canc

Degraded state, RAID-10 37Degraded state, RAID-5 33Delete a RAID Array Copy option 183Delete a Volume Group, Logical Volumes, or FilesystemsCopy optio

disk device driver (continued)files 282purpose 281return values 282SSADISK_LIST_PDISKS ioctl operation 285description 285files 286purpose 285return va

RAID-1 Array StatesRAID-1 array states are the same as RAID-10 array states. For details, see “RAID-10Array States” on page 36.In RAID-1 arrays, the f

FRU part numbers 340full-stride writes, definition 272Ggetting access to the Fast-Write menus 213getting access to the SSA Adapters SMIT menu 40gettin

installing the SSA adapter 313instruct types, Command Line Interface 238interface, adapter device driver/head device driver 256IOCINFO ioctl operation

Offline state, RAID-5 34one loop with two adapters in each of two usingsystems 12one loop with two adapters in one using system 11open and close subro

RAID arrays (continued)adding to the configuration 60canceling all SSA disk drive identifications 129changing member disks in an SSA RAID array 137cha

removal and replacement procedures (continued)installing a battery assembly into the fast-write cachecard 338installing an SDRAM module 330installing

SMIT (or SMITTY) options (continued)Change/Show Characteristics of an SSA LogicalDisk 214Change/Show Use of an SSA Disk 144Change/Show/Delete a Hot Sp

SSA loops (continued)large configurations 16links and data paths 7loops and data paths, examplesbroken loop (cable removed) 403broken loop (disk drive

ssadisk SSA disk device driver (continued)attributes common to logical and physicaldisks 271attributes for logical disks only 271attributes of the SSA

three-way copy (continued)SMIT menus for 172ssa_delete_copy command 171ssa_make_copy command 161using SMIT menus to create a copy array 155using ssa_m

RAID-5 Array StatesA RAID-5 array can be in one of several states. A knowledge of those states is usefulwhen you are configuring your arrays. The stat

Part Number: 27H0678Printed in the U.S.A.SA33-3285-02(1P) P/N: 27H0678

Spine information:Advanced SerialRAID Adapters User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

While in Degraded state, an array is not protected. If another disk drive in the arrayfails, or the power fails during a write operation, data might b

RAID-5 Array State FlowchartSeconddisk fails oris removedWrite operation ArrayOfflineNew diskOriginal diskreplacedYYArrayenabled forHot SpareHotSpares

RAID-10 Array StatesConfiguration information of the array is held in a reserved area sector on each of thefirst three member disk drives of the array

operations put the array into the Degraded state. When the missing member disk drivesare reintroduced, the array returns to the Good state.Degraded St

v Both member disk drives of a mirrored pair are missing, deconfigured, or rebuilding.Unknown StateA RAID-10 array is in the Unknown state when not en

Chapter 4. Using the SSA SMIT MenusThis chapter describes how to use the system management interface tool (SMIT) todisplay and change characteristics

Reserving Disk Drives ...27Fast-Write Cache ...27Chapter 3. RAID Functions and Array States ...29RAID

Getting Access to the SSA Adapters SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssaa andpress Enter.Otherwise:a. Typ

Getting Access to the SSA Disks SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssad andpress Enter.Otherwise:a. Type s

4. The SSA Logical Disks menu is displayed:SSA Logical DisksMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA Logical DisksList All Sup

Getting Access to the SSA RAID Arrays SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssaraid andpress Enter.Otherwise:

44 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 5. Hot Spare ManagementWith all levels of adapter code, disk drives can be configured to be hot spare diskdrives. These hot spare disk drives

Figure 16 shows an array that has its primary disk drives (pdisk2, pdisk3, pdisk10 andpdisk11) in building 1, and its secondary disk drives (pdisk5, p

If pdisk2 fails, the hot spare disk drive pdisk4 might replace pdisk 2 as one of theprimary disk drives in the array, as shown in Figure 17.Now, assum

This problem can be solved if, in each building, a hot spare pool is created for the diskdrives. In Figure 18, all the disk drives in building 1 have

Figure 19 shows how RAID-5 arrays can be protected against the complete failure of anSSA enclosure. Each pdisk of each array (hdisk) is in a different

Dealing with RAID Array Problems ...89Getting Access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT Menu...90Identifying and Correcting or Removing

Figure 20 shows an alternative method of protecting RAID-5 arrays against thecomplete failure of an SSA Enclosure. This method uses a different hot sp

Figure 21 shows how a RAID-10 array can be protected against the complete failure ofan SSA enclosure.The primary disk drives of the array are in enclo

that is needed to protect the array in the selected pool. No error log entry is made untilthe number of hot spare disk drives that remains in the pool

Solving Hot Spare Pool ProblemsHot spare pool problems are indicated by the state of the pool and by error codes in thesystem error log. When configur

v Have a size equal to, or greater than, the largest disk drive that they willbe protectingv Are in pool 0 on the SSA loop on which the hot spare pool

InconsistentThe member disk drives in the pool do not agree about the size of the hotspare disk drives, or about the minimum number of hot spare disk

56 User’s Guide and Maintenance Information

Chapter 6. Using the RAID Array ConfiguratorThis chapter describes how to use the system management interface tool (SMIT) tomanage your SSA RAID array

Installing and Configuring SSA RAID ArraysYou can get to the required SMIT menu by using fast path commands, or by workingthrough other menus. In this

Getting Access to the SSA RAID Arrays SMIT Menu1. For fast-path access to the SSA RAID Array SMIT menus, type smitty ssaraid andpress Enter.Otherwise:

Remove a Disk From an SSA RAID Array ...190Swap Members of an SSA RAID Array ...191Chapter 8. Split-Site Management ...

Adding an SSA RAID ArrayThis option lets you add an array to the configuration.1. For fast path, type smitty mkssaraid and press Enter.Otherwise, sele

2. Select the adapter to which you want to add the array.A list of array types is displayed in a window:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and

3. Select the type of array that you want to create.If you select RAID-0, the following menu is displayed:Add an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values i

If you select RAID-1, the following menu is displayed:Add an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired

If you select RAID-5, the following menu is displayed:Add an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired

If you select RAID-10, the following menu is displayed:Add an SSA RAID ArrayType or select values in entry fields.Press Enter AFTER making all desired

Meanings of the FieldsSSA RAID ManagerThe name of an SSA RAID Manager. SSA RAID Managers are devicesthat control SSA RAID arrays.RAID Array TypeThe ty

If you select Exact, the replacement disk drive is chosen only from hotspare disk drives whose size exactly matches the size of the failing diskdrive.

If you select yes for this option, the array enters the Rebuilding state. Thedata that is on the primary disk drives is copied to the secondary diskdr

6. Select the disk drives that you want in the array. You must select a minimum of:v Two disk drives if you are creating a RAID-0 arrayv One primary a

Example 7: To Change an Attribute of an Object ...242Example 8: To Exchange a Member Disk Drive of an Existing Array ...242Example 9: To Mak

Deleting an SSA RAID ArrayThis option allows you to delete arrays that you have created through the Add an SSARAID Array option. The deleted array is

3. A prompt is displayed in a window:SSA RAID ArraysMove cursor to desired item and press Enter.List All Defined SSA RAID ArraysList All Supported SSA

Creating a Hot Spare Disk Drive1. For fast path, type smitty chgssadisk and press Enter.Otherwise, select Change/Show Use of an SSA Physical Disk from

3. Select the disk drive that you want to designate as a hot spare.The following screen is displayed for the disk drive that you have chosen:Change/Sh

Changing or Showing the Status of a Hot Spare PoolThis option shows you the existing configuration of the arrays and the status of eachhot spare pool.

3. A list of hot spare pools and their status is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instr

empty The pool contains no hot spare disk drives, or the hot spare diskdrives that are in the pool are not suitable as member disk drivesof the pool.r

Showing the Disks That Are Protected by Hot SparesThis option shows you which member disk drives of an array are protected by hot sparedisk drives.1.

3. A list of protected member disk drives is displayed:COMMAND STATUSCommand: OK stdout: yes stderr: noBefore command completion, additional instructi

Status The status of the array member disk drive. Valid values for status are:good The disk drive is working.not_presentThe disk drive cannot be detec